IoT-Based Automatic Chicken Feeding System Using ESP32 with Telegram Bot Notification and Web Dashboard Monitoring

Abstract

Manual feeding practices in small-scale poultry farming often result in inconsistent feeding schedules, feed waste, and inefficient labour use, particularly when farmers cannot be physically present at the coop. This study designs and implements an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic chicken feeding system using the ESP32 microcontroller. The system integrates a load cell with HX711 amplifier for feed-weight monitoring, a servo motor for automated feed dispensing, a DS3231 real-time clock for scheduling, an ESP32-CAM for visual monitoring, a relay module for automated coop lighting, a web-based dashboard, and a Telegram Bot for two-way remote interaction. Testing consisted of functional tests of each component, system-level testing across ten operational scenarios, notification-timing tests, a 24-hour-plus stability log, and field testing on a physical coop for more than three days. Results show the load cell achieved an average error of approximately 1.0 %, the system achieved a 100 % success rate across ten scenarios, the Telegram Bot responded to commands within one minute (consistent with its 3-second polling design, theoretically under 5 seconds), and the system sustained continuous operation for up to 18 hours 16 minutes between manual restarts, with a total observation period exceeding 24 hours. Field testing on a physical coop for more than three days confirmed reliable operation outside laboratory conditions. These findings indicate that the proposed system offers a low-cost, integrated solution for automating feed scheduling, environmental monitoring, and remote interaction for small- to medium-scale poultry farms.