KARAKTERISASI NILAI KALOR BRIKET BERBASIS CAMPURAN KULIT DURIAN DAN KULIT JAGUNG SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR PADAT RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51510/sinergipolmed.v7i1.2875Keywords:
Briket Biomassa, Energi Terbarukan, Kulit Durian, Kulit Jagung, Nilai KalorAbstract
Briket biomassa merupakan salah satu solusi energi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi komposisi campuran kulit durian dan kulit jagung terhadap nilai kalor, waktu nyala awal, lama pembakaran, dan kualitas asap, sekaligus mengkaji keunggulan kombinasi kedua biomassa tersebut dibandingkan pembakaran bahan tunggal yang telah dilaporkan pada penelitian sebelumnya dalam meningkatkan kinerja pembakaran dan kualitas emisi. Bahan baku kulit durian dikarbonisasi pada temperatur 300–400°C, kemudian dicampur dengan kulit jagung kering dan perekat tapioka 5% dari total massa. Campuran dicetak dalam bentuk silinder dan dikeringkan hingga kadar air <10%. Pengujian nilai kalor dilakukan menggunakan kalorimeter bom, sedangkan waktu nyala awal dan lama pembakaran diukur menggunakan stopwatch. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi kulit durian meningkatkan nilai kalor dan durasi pembakaran, sedangkan penambahan kulit jagung mempercepat penyalaan awal. Komposisi optimum diperoleh pada rasio 95% kulit durian dan 5% kulit jagung, dengan nilai kalor 27,6 MJ/kg dan waktu pembakaran 150 menit, serta menghasilkan asap tipis. Hasil tersebut memenuhi standar SNI 01-6235-2000 untuk briket biomassa. Dengan demikian, briket campuran kulit durian dan kulit jagung berpotensi menjadi bahan bakar padat alternatif yang efisien dan ramah lingkungan, serta mendukung pengembangan energi terbarukan berbasis limbah pertanian.
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