GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Framework for Spatial Planning of Solar Power Plant Sites in West Kalimantan Province
Keywords:
AHP, GIS, MDCM, PLTS, Kalimantan BaratAbstract
Transisi energi global menuntut perencanaan spasial pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) yang efisien, terutama di wilayah ekuator seperti Provinsi Kalimantan Barat (Kalbar), Indonesia, yang memiliki potensi surya melimpah. Penelitian ini mengembangkan kerangka pengambilan keputusan multi-kriteria berbasis sistem informasi geografis (GIS-MCDM) untuk pemilihan lokasi PLTS di Kalbar dengan membandingkan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA). Delapan kriteria dikelompokkan ke dalam faktor iklim (radiasi surya, suhu permukaan tanah), topografi (kemiringan, aspek, ketinggian), infrastruktur (kedekatan saluran listrik dan jalan raya), serta lingkungan (tata guna lahan/tutupan lahan, kedekatan badan air). Matriks perbandingan berpasangan AHP menghasilkan rasio konsistensi 0,087 (<0,10), dengan radiasi surya (25,8%) dan kedekatan saluran listrik (18,4%) sebagai kriteria paling berpengaruh. Setelah eksklusi kawasan lindung, hanya 33,05% (~48.500 km²) wilayah provinsi yang dapat dimanfaatkan, di mana sekitar 30,3% tergolong sangat sesuai hingga sangat tinggi kesesuaiannya. Kedua metode menghasilkan pola spasial konsisten dengan tingkat kesepakatan sekitar 78%, dengan wilayah tenggara di sekitar Ketapang menunjukkan kesesuaian tertinggi. AHP menawarkan transparansi metodologis lebih baik, sedangkan WOA menyediakan efisiensi komputasi. Kerangka ini mendukung target energi terbarukan Indonesia, termasuk kapasitas PLTS 366,4 MW untuk Kalbar pada 2025.
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