SINTESIS PELUMAS BIODEGRADABLE DARI LIMBAH MINYAK GORENG MELALUI PENDEKATAN RESPON PERMUKAAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51510/sinergipolmed.v6i1.1934Keywords:
Biopelumas, limbah minyak goreng, metode respon permukaan, sifat fisikokimiaAbstract
Limbah minyak goreng digunakan untuk sintesis biopelumas melalui reaksi poliesterifikasi. Biopelumas dibuat dari fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) limbah minyak goreng dengan etilen glikol (EG). Reaksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan katalis Natrium Methoxide. Biopelumas adalah pelumas biodegradable potensial yang dapat digunakan dalam aplikasi pelumas industri. Efek dari perubahan kondisi operasi seperti suhu, rasio molar reaktan, waktu reaksi dan pembebanan katalis dipelajari. Dalam penelitian ini, model yang digunakan untuk sintesis bio-pelumas melalui reaksi transesterifikasi melibatkan desain eksperimen menggunakan software Stat-Ease Design-Expert-10 dengan desain eksperimen yang mencakup tiga faktor input numerik (ethylene glycol, konsentrasi katalis, dan waktu) dan satu output respons (yield biopelumas). Dengan menentukan tiga level untuk setiap faktor input, penelitian bertujuan untuk mencari kombinasi optimal dari faktor-faktor tersebut. Penelitian ini mengoptimalkan variabel proses pada produksi bahan dasar pelumas biodegradable dari minyak goreng limbah. Desain komposit sentral digunakan untuk memaksimalkan interaksi kimia antara J. curcas methyl ester dan ethylene glycol (EG) sebagai poliol. Sebanyak 20 uji coba dilakukan untuk memeriksa suhu reaksi, waktu, dan rasio molar etilenglikol-tofattyacidmethylester (EG-ke-FAME). Sebuah model statistik menunjukkan bahwa hasil konversi maksimum biopelumas minyak goreng limbah (BL WCO) adalah 92,48% dalam kondisi reaksi optimal berikut: 128,95°C, 202,40 menit, dan rasio molar etilen glikol terhadap asam lemak metil ester (EG-ke-FAME) sebesar 3,87:1. Pada kondisi optimal ini, rata-rata hasil biopelumas jatropha (JBL) sebesar 94,12% dicapai dalam kondisi eksperimental, dan nilai ini berada dalam kisaran yang diprediksi (92,48%) oleh model. Model kuadrat memprediksi keluaran biopelumas (R2 = 0,9919). Biopelumas yang disintesis memenuhi persyaratan Viscosity Grade 62 (ISO VG 62) yang ditetapkan oleh Organisasi Internasional untuk Standardisasi.
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